How To Read Dynamics in Music

Here is a list of dynamic markings you might encounter in drum sheet music. This list will be updated as more dynamic markings are thought of, and will start out as a basic list of fundamental dynamics notation.

  • pp (pianissimo = very soft/quiet)
  • p (piano = soft/quiet)
  • mp (mezzo piano = medium quiet / medium soft)
  • mf (mezzo forte = medium loud)
  • f (forte = loud)
  • ff (fortissimo = very loud)
  • a wide version of this shape: < (crescendo = gradually getting louder)
  • a wide version of this shape: > (diminuendo = gradually getting quieter)
  • > these arrows above the notes are accents, which indicate that you play loud on this note only.

How to read musical signposts – CODA and Segno

Segno (The Sign)

Coda (CODA)

Dal Segno (D.S.) Go to the sign

Da Capo (D.C.) Go back to the beginning

D.S. al Coda Go to the sign, then follow ‘To Coda’ marking

D.C. al Coda Go to the beginning, then follow ‘To Coda’ marking

D.S. al fine Go to the sign, then play to the end

D.C. al fine Go to the beginning, then play to the end

Da Coda (TO CODA) Go to the CODA


Related: How to read musical signposts – Repeats